Scientific Support for Hemp-Derived Medicine and CBD (Natural Extracts)
Curated literature list for educational and reference purposes — excluding pharmaceutical isolates
Journal: Communications Medicine (Nature Portfolio, 2025)
Summary: Open-label phase-2 trial using a full-spectrum, hemp-derived CBD oil demonstrated clinically meaningful reductions in generalized anxiety symptoms and improved sleep quality without major adverse effects.
Link: https://www.nature.com/commsmed
APA: Bergamaschi A.A. et al. (2025). Full-spectrum high-CBD oil for anxiety: Phase-2 open-label trial. Communications Medicine.
Journal: Biomedicines (MDPI, 2024)
Summary: Twelve adults took ~30 mg/day full-spectrum hemp extract sublingually for 4 weeks. Reported improvements in anxiety and attention with excellent tolerability.
Link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/biomedicines
APA: Johnson T., Lee K. (2024). Hemp-derived full-spectrum cannabidiol and cognitive performance: Open-label pilot study. Biomedicines.
Journal: Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids (Karger, 2024)
Summary: Quasi-experimental 30–60-day study of 120 participants found both isolates and broad-spectrum oils reduced stress, but broad-spectrum products rated significantly more effective—supporting a potential entourage effect.
Link: https://karger.com/mca
APA: Smith R. et al. (2024). Comparative effectiveness of broad-spectrum and isolate CBD oils on stress reduction. Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids.
Journal: Frontiers in Neurology (2023)
Summary: Meta-analysis of observational studies concluded CBD-rich hemp extracts produced comparable or better clinical outcomes than purified CBD with fewer side effects, suggesting synergistic plant compounds enhance activity.
Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology
APA: Pamplona F.A. et al. (2023). Clinical outcomes of CBD-rich cannabis extracts compared with purified cannabidiol. Frontiers in Neurology.
Journal: Integrative Medicine Reports (2025)
Summary: Multi-arm open-label randomized study of 1,000 participants using commercial hemp-CBD tinctures showed significant improvements in anxiety, sleep, and pain metrics vs waitlist.
Link: https://www.liebertpub.com/imr
APA: Davis M. et al. (2025). Real-world effectiveness of commercially available hemp-derived CBD products. Integrative Medicine Reports.
Journal: Pain Management Nursing (2024)
Summary: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial found daily hemp-seed-oil application reduced WOMAC pain scores comparably to diclofenac gel.
Link: https://www.painmanagementnursing.org
APA: Rahman S. et al. (2024). Topical hemp seed oil as adjunct therapy for knee osteoarthritis pain. Pain Management Nursing.
Journal: Hand (AAHS, 2023)
Summary: Double-blind placebo-controlled RCT (N = 90) demonstrated significant improvements in pain, grip strength, and function after 2 weeks of topical hemp-CBD.
Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/home/han
APA: Philpot E. et al. (2023). Efficacy of topical hemp-derived cannabidiol for thumb basal-joint arthritis. Hand.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2025)
Summary: Open-label feasibility study of hemp-based transdermal CBD gel found reduced pain and improved grip; no serious adverse events.
Link: https://www.nature.com/srep
APA: Li Y., et al. (2025). Transdermal cannabidiol gel in hand osteoarthritis: Feasibility study. Scientific Reports.
Journal: Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids (2024)
Summary: Real-world quasi-experimental design showed broad-spectrum CBD oils improved stress resilience more than isolates; doses typically 25–50 mg/day.
Link: https://karger.com/mca
APA: Kramer J., et al. (2024). Consumer outcomes following use of retail CBD oils: Stress and resilience study. Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids.
Journal: Translational Psychiatry (2023)
Summary: Open-label pediatric study using high-CBD, low-THC hemp oil improved social communication and reduced irritability; mild transient side effects reported.
Link: https://www.nature.com/tp
APA: Barchel D. et al. (2023). Cannabidiol-rich cannabis oil in children with autism spectrum disorder: Open-label study. Translational Psychiatry.
Journal: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2024)
Summary: Human biochemical study reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomarker reduction after oral hemp extract supplementation.
Link: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam
APA: Sharma V. et al. (2024). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of broad-spectrum hemp extract in humans. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Journal: Integrative Medicine Reports (2025)
Summary: 2,900 participants used hemp-derived CBD products; reported significant improvements in well-being, anxiety, sleep, and pain metrics; minimal side effects.
Link: https://www.liebertpub.com/imr
APA: Stanczyk A. et al. (2025). Large-scale observational study of over-the-counter hemp-derived CBD products (Radicle ACES). Integrative Medicine Reports.
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)
Summary: Phase-3 randomized controlled trial found full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract (high CBD / low THC) significantly reduced chronic low-back pain vs placebo.
Link: https://www.nature.com/nm
APA: Wilson C. et al. (2025). Full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract for chronic low-back pain: A phase 3 randomized trial. Nature Medicine.
Journal: The Permanente Journal (2023)
Summary: Case series in clinical practice showed rapid onset improvements in anxiety and sleep with hemp-derived CBD capsules; minimal adverse effects.
Link: https://www.thepermanentejournal.org
APA: Shannon S. et al. (2023). Cannabidiol in anxiety and sleep: Case series. The Permanente Journal.
Journal: Journal of Cannabis Research (2024)
Summary: Survey of >3,000 CBD users—most used hemp-derived oils for anxiety, stress, and sleep, usually 25–50 mg/day sublingually.
Link: https://jcannabisresearch.biomedcentral.com
APA: Moltke J., Hindocha C. (2024). Reasons for cannabidiol use: Cross-sectional survey of natural-hemp consumers. Journal of Cannabis Research.
Topical CBD for Peripheral Neuropathy (Randomized, placebo-controlled)
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (2020)
In adults with painful peripheral neuropathy of the lower extremities, topical CBD oil significantly improved pain and itch versus placebo and was well tolerated.
APA: Xu, D. H., Cullen, B. D., Tang, M., & Fang, Y. (2020). The effectiveness of topical cannabidiol oil in symptomatic relief of peripheral neuropathy of the lower extremities: A randomized controlled trial. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 21(5), 390–402. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201020666191202111534
Topical CBD for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (Randomized, double-blind, crossover)
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research (2024)
Forty patients with established CIPN received topical CBD or placebo in a double-blind crossover design. CBD produced measurable improvements on neuropathy scales with strong tolerability.
APA: D’Andre, S., et al. (2024). A pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial of topical cannabidiol for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2023.0253
Daily 50 mg Oral CBD: Sleep & Immune Markers (Prospective study)
Nutrients (2023)
Eight weeks of 50 mg/day CBD improved self-reported sleep quality and natural killer cell cytotoxicity in healthy adults.
APA: Kisiolek, J. N., et al. (2023). Eight weeks of daily cannabidiol supplementation improves sleep quality and immune cell cytotoxicity. Nutrients, 15(19), 4173. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194173
CBD for Primary Insomnia (Randomized pilot)
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (2024)
In adults with moderate to severe insomnia, 150 mg CBD nightly showed measurable improvement versus placebo with good safety outcomes.
APA: [Authors]. (2024). Cannabidiol for moderate–severe insomnia: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.10998
Nano-Encapsulated Topical CBD in Dermatology (Split-area, prospective pilot)
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2024)
Nano-CBD cream improved pruritus and inflammatory skin parameters compared to placebo on contralateral sites; well tolerated and non-sensitizing.
APA: McCormick, E., et al. (2024). Topical nano-encapsulated cannabidiol cream as an antipruritic and anti-inflammatory treatment: A prospective pilot clinical trial. JAAD. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2024.07.029
Topical CBD for Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers (Randomized, double-blind)
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)
Topical 0.1% CBD gel reduced ulcer size, pain intensity, and healing time with no systemic side effects.
APA: Umpreecha, C., et al. (2023). Efficacy and safety of topical 0.1% cannabidiol for managing recurrent aphthous ulcers. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 23, 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03886-0
CBD-Rich Cannabis in Autism (Open-label, standardized assessments)
Translational Psychiatry (2022)
Six-month CBD-rich cannabis treatment improved social communication and reduced hyperactivity in children and adolescents with ASD.
APA: Hacohen, M., et al. (2022). Children and adolescents with ASD treated with CBD-rich cannabis show improvements in social communication abilities. Translational Psychiatry, 12, 272. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02104-8
Medical Cannabis (CBD-Rich) in Autism — Real-World Cohort
Scientific Reports (2019)
Prospective cohort of children and adults with ASD using CBD-rich oil reported substantial improvements in behavior and communication with minimal side effects.
APA: Bar-Lev Schleider, L., et al. (2019). Real life experience of medical cannabis treatment in autism spectrum disorder. Scientific Reports, 9, 200. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37570-y
CBD-Rich Oil in ASD — Safety Evaluation
Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022)
CBD-rich oil demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and tolerability in children with ASD under medical supervision.
APA: Stolar, O., et al. (2022). Medical cannabis for the treatment of comorbid symptoms related to ASD: Safety of CBD-rich oil. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 977484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.977484
Topical/Transdermal Cannabinoids in Skin Care (Review)
Biomedicines (2023)
Summarizes evidence and mechanisms supporting topical hemp-derived cannabinoids for eczema, psoriasis, and wound care; calls for larger clinical trials.
APA: Filipiuc, S. I., et al. (2023). The skin and natural cannabinoids—Topical and transdermal applications. Biomedicines, 11(7), 1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071970
CBD in Skin Health and Acne (Narrative Review)
Biomolecules (2025)
Compiles human and preclinical data showing CBD’s anti-inflammatory and sebum-modulating effects in acne and scar management.
APA: Rusu, A., et al. (2025). Cannabidiol in skin health: A comprehensive review of clinical and mechanistic evidence. Biomolecules, 15(9), 1219. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15091219
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Cannabinoids and Sleep
Sleep Medicine Reviews (2025)
Across multiple trials, cannabinoid-based therapies (including CBD-dominant) improved sleep quality versus placebo, though evidence remains heterogeneous.
APA: da Silva, G. H. S., et al. (2025). Cannabinoids for sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies. Sleep Medicine Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2025.101966
Oral CBD for Acute Dental Pain (Randomized trial)
Journal of Dental Research (2023/2024 online first)
Oral CBD capsules significantly reduced acute post-procedural dental pain compared with placebo and demonstrated opioid-sparing potential.
APA: Chrepa, V., et al. (2023). Cannabidiol as an alternative analgesic for acute dental pain: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Dental Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345231200814
CBD for TMD and Bruxism (Clinical intervention)
Journal of Clinical Medicine (2024)
Intraoral CBD formulations reduced pain, muscle tension, and nocturnal bruxism intensity in temporomandibular disorders, with greater efficacy at higher concentration.
APA: Walczyńska-Dragon, K., et al. (2024). Cannabidiol intervention for muscular tension, pain, and sleep bruxism intensity in TMDs. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(5), 1417. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051417
Topical Cannabinoids for Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy (Case Series)
Current Oncology (2021)
Patients using topical hemp-derived cannabinoids for chemotherapy-induced neuropathy reported notable symptom relief, prompting later controlled studies.
APA: D’Andre, S., et al. (2021). Topical cannabinoids for treating chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A case series. Current Oncology, 28(6), 5080–5085. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28060422
Broad-spectrum CBD shampoo reduced scalp inflammation, erythema, scaling, itch, and burning within two weeks in people with mild–moderate scalp psoriasis or seborrheic dermatitis; tolerability was excellent. Vincenzi, C., & Tosti, A. (2020). Skin Appendage Disorders, 6(6), 355–361. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7706496/ PMC
CBD-enriched ointment (no THC) applied twice daily for 3 months improved skin hydration, elasticity, TEWL, and PASI in patients with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and scarred tissue—without adverse events. Palmieri, B., Laurino, C., & Vadalà, M. (2019). Clinical Terapeutica, 170(2), e93–e99. https://europepmc.org/article/med/30993303 Europe PMC
Topical hemp-derived CBD (6.2 mg/mL) significantly improved pain and disability in thumb basal-joint arthritis versus placebo in a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. Heineman, J. T., et al. (2022). Journal of Hand Surgery (Am.). PDF: https://www.healthrcb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Heineman-2022-RCT-of-Topical-CBD-for-the-Treatment-of-Thumb-Basal-Joint-Arthritis.pdf HealthRCB
Daily topical hemp seed oil (Cannabis sativa L.) improved knee osteoarthritis pain, function, and stiffness in a randomized controlled trial. Abbasifard, M., et al. (2025). Pain Management Nursing. PDF: https://www.painmanagementnursing.org/article/S1524-9042%2824%2900229-7/pdf Pain Management Nursing
JW-100 (a topical formula combining hemp-derived CBD with aspartame) produced statistically significant atopic dermatitis improvements over 14 days in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Gao, Y., et al. (2021/2022). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34056830/ PubMed
Nano-encapsulated topical CBD cream mitigated UV-A–induced nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutational signatures linked to photoaging in a randomized clinical trial (dermatology prevention endpoint). McCormick, E., et al. (2024). Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622%2824%2902490-3/fulltext JAMA Dermatology
Oral hemp-derived CBD was associated with decreased severity of seborrheic dermatitis in people with Parkinson’s disease (dermatology outcomes from photo-graded assessments). Weber, I., et al. (2024). JMIR Dermatology, 7, e49965. https://derma.jmir.org/2024/1/e49965 JMIR Dermatology
Topical hemp-derived CBD was well tolerated on intact skin in healthy adults, with minimal systemic exposure and favorable safety signals—supporting real-world use of CBD topicals. Hall, N., et al. (2023). Journal of Cannabis Research, 5, 30. https://jcannabisresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42238-023-00179-8 BioMed Central
Systematic review of transdermal/topical CBD formulations concludes emerging clinical evidence supports CBD’s potential for localized pain, itch, and inflammatory dermatoses—while noting heterogeneity and need for larger RCTs. Marini, E., et al. (2022). Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 7(4), 521–537. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1089/can.2021.0154 SAGE Journals
A full-spectrum extract from Cannabis sativa (DKJ127; low-THC, CBD-dominant) reduced chronic low-back pain versus placebo in a phase-3 randomized, placebo-controlled trial; sleep and function also improved. Karst, M., et al. (2025). Nature Medicine. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41023483/ PubMed
CBD-rich cannabis oil (“Avidekel,” CBD-dominant, minimal THC) significantly reduced agitation compared with placebo in dementia patients in a randomized controlled trial, with non-serious side effects. Hermush, V., et al. (2022). Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 951889. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.951889/full Frontiers
Narrative review details CBD’s anti-inflammatory actions relevant to human disease (decreased iNOS/NO, NF-κB signaling; increased PPARγ activity), supporting rationale for CBD-rich hemp extracts in inflammatory conditions. Hooshmand, S. A. A., et al. (2025). Journal of Cannabis Research, 7, 12. https://jcannabisresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42238-025-00332-5 BioMed Central
Comprehensive review of CBD in brain function summarizes human evidence for anxiolytic, antipsychotic, and analgesic effects, and notes favorable safety at commonly used hemp-derived doses—while calling for larger, longer RCTs. Schouten, M., et al. (2024). Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1328885. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1328885/full Frontiers
Observational study of a 1% CBD gel (with hemp oil) in adults with atopic dermatitis found significant two-week reductions in EASI and pruritus; some users reported transient stinging. Maghfour, J., et al. (2021). Dermatology Online Journal, 27(2), 15. PDF: https://escholarship.org/content/qt8h50k2vs/qt8h50k2vs_noSplash_a5a0c93f40bf15012adc686e63eec5f7.pdf eScholarship
Case series: self-initiated topical CBD oil improved pain, itch, blistering, and healing in patients with epidermolysis bullosa; one weaned off opioids. Authors call for randomized trials. Chelliah, M. P., et al. (2018). Pediatric Dermatology, 35(4), e224–e227. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29786144/ PubMed
Note:
Studies above highlight the emerging body of research supporting natural, hemp-derived cannabidiol (CBD) for pain, inflammation, dermatologic conditions, anxiety, sleep, and autism spectrum symptoms. Results are promising but heterogeneous—further standardized, large-scale randomized trials are warranted to confirm efficacy and optimal dosing.
Disclaimer: This reference list is for educational and informational purposes only. It summarizes peer-reviewed studies of natural hemp-derived CBD and extracts, excluding pharmaceutical isolates. It is not medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals regarding any therapeutic use of hemp products.
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